Do Incremental Encoders and Absolute Encoders Control Position the Same Way?

Incremental encoders and absolute encoders are common position control devices with different principles and features. While both can be used for position control, they differ in several aspects.

Incremental encoders determine position by detecting incremental changes. They usually provide two channels for direction and pulse counting. They require a reference or homing point and need recalibration after power loss or restart.

In contrast, absolute encoders provide the current position directly. Each position corresponds to a unique code on the disk, so absolute encoders do not require a reference point and can provide accurate position immediately after power on.

From a control perspective, both encoder types can achieve similar position control in some applications. Incremental encoders are suitable for relative position measurement such as rotational angle tracking, while absolute encoders are suitable for applications needing immediate and exact position information, such as robotic end effector positioning, CNC machines, and precision measuring devices.

Note that absolute encoders are usually more expensive due to more complex coding structures. Incremental encoders may be more cost effective and sufficient for many relative position control tasks.

In summary, incremental and absolute encoders differ in operating principle and suitability. Choose the encoder based on application requirements and accuracy needs.